[License-review] Submission of the European Space Agency Public Licenses (ESA-PL) for approval

Carsten Gerlach cgerlach at tcilaw.de
Thu Mar 2 16:35:26 UTC 2017


Yes, the ESA-PL Weak and Permissive are in our opinion compatible with
the NOSA 1.3/2.0. There should be no practical problems combining NOSA
and ESA-PL Weak or Permissive licensed code.

Carsten

On 10.02.2017 14:25, Tzeng, Nigel H. wrote:
> Until there is case law either way any conservative reading of the
> license by a corporate attorney will result in not wanting to use any
> strong copyleft license when there is corporate IP.
> 
> If the ESA needs/wants weak copyleft and EUPL is strong then that's not
> grounds for rejection based on proliferation.
> 
> My preference is that NASA and ESA have a common open source licensing
> scheme but that may be a bridge to far. Is NOSA1.3 and 2.0 compatible
> with ESA-PL in the opinion of the NASA and ESA lawyers on this list?
> 
> If not then this would be sub-optimal...
> 
> 
> Sent with BlackBerry Work (www.blackberry.com)
> 
> *From: *Patrice-Emmanuel Schmitz <pe.schmitz at googlemail.com
> <mailto:pe.schmitz at googlemail.com>>
> *Date: *Friday, Feb 10, 2017, 3:35 AM
> *To: *License submissions for OSI review <license-review at opensource.org
> <mailto:license-review at opensource.org>>
> *Subject: *Re: [License-review] Submission of the European Space Agency
> Public Licenses (ESA-PL) for approval
> 
> Regarding the arbitration clause, the EUPL v1.2 (currently a draft, but
> Commission states that it will be published in the coming months)
> provides more freedom than v1.1 because it can be complemented by any
> kind of specific agreements that are compatible with the licence.
> Regarding copyleft, I wrote that  the EUPL has no strong v/s weak
> copyleft versions, but I did not wrote that the EUPL was strong copyleft. 
> This is because (like L. Rosen) I am really sceptical concerning the
> legal reality of the "strong copyleft" assumption that linking two
> programs creates a derivative.
> My position is based on recitals 10 and 15 of Directive 2009/24 EC on
> the legal protection of computer programs, where reproduction of code
> needed for interoperability escapes to copyright infringement.
> 
> 
> 
> 2017-02-09 17:16 GMT+01:00 Carsten Gerlach <cgerlach at tcilaw.de
> <mailto:cgerlach at tcilaw.de>>:
> 
>     Use of the EuPL was indeed considered, in particular since the EuPL is
>     also drafted with the European legal framework in mind. However, the
>     EuPL does not fit ESA's legal requirements, which e.g. includes the need
>     of an arbitration clause in accordance with the ESA convention. The
>     choice of law clause does not fit, since some ESA member states are not
>     members of the European Union. Also, as you stated, the EuPL is a strong
>     Copyleft license, but ESA's use cases require weak Copyleft and
>     permissive licensing as well. Furthermore, ESA's strong Copyleft license
>     version does not include a compatibility clause (only the weak Copyleft
>     version does), which is a better fit for the intended use cases.
> 
>     Best regards, Carsten
> 
> 
>     On 02.02.2017 16:25, Patrice-Emmanuel Schmitz wrote:
>     > Just a simple question: why is ESA forging its own licence, adding to
>     > licence proliferation, and not considering the use of the EUPL, at least
>     > regarding the copyleft versions?
>     > Is it because the EUPL has no strong v/s weak copyleft versions?
>     > Best regards,
>     > Patrice
>     >
>     > 2017-01-20 15:26 GMT+01:00 Carsten Gerlach <cgerlach at tcilaw.de <mailto:cgerlach at tcilaw.de>
>     > <mailto:cgerlach at tcilaw.de <mailto:cgerlach at tcilaw.de>>>:
>     >
>     >     On 11.01.2017 13:50, jonathon wrote:
>     >
>     >     > The key issue here is «that exercising rights granted by
>     this License
>     >     > infringes third party's intellectual property rights».
>     >     >
>     >     > Astrolabe, Inc v Olson et al
>     >     > Case # 1:2011cv11725
>     >     > Filed 30 September 2011
>     >     > Massachusetts District Court, Boston.
>     >     >
>     >     > Until that lawsuit was filed, nobody dreamed that the _Time
>     Zone and
>     >     > Daylight Saving Time Database_ could be a copyright violation.
>     >     > (For those people who don't recognize the database name, it
>     was the
>     >     > official reference for time zones for the Internet in
>     general, and Unix
>     >     > in specific.) (That court case was voluntarily dismissed by the
>     >     > plaintiff. The specific reason why was not publicly disclosed.)
>     >     >
>     >     > What makes that lawsuit even more surprising, is that
>     copyright law in
>     >     > the United States neither recognizes "sweat of the brow"
>     work product as
>     >     > being copyrightable, nor databases as being, in and of
>     themselves,
>     >     > copyrightable.
>     >     >
>     >     > Call that an edge case. Call it a submarine case.
>     Regardless, what would
>     >     > a firm who uses software with the ESA-PL supposed to do, if
>     a key data
>     >     > source for it, was the subject of a similar lawsuit?
>     >
>     >     If you positively know, or have sufficient reason to believe,
>     that you
>     >     infringe third party rights by using a software, you will
>     usually stop
>     >     such use.  I think that is general prudent behavior, regardless of
>     >     specific license terms.
>     >
>     >     However, I assume your issue is that in your example it is not the
>     >     software that is infringing, but the data processed with the
>     software
>     >     (the lawsuit was basically filed for unauthorized reproduction
>     of the
>     >     timezone database). Sec. 7 is not meant to apply to such cases
>     - to data
>     >     is processed by the software - and I think it cannot be reasonably
>     >     construed to apply to such cases. In your example the
>     infringement is
>     >     not caused by an exercise of rights granted by the license
>     (e.g. by
>     >     running or copying the software), but by an exercise of rights in
>     >     respect of the data the software is processing.
>     >
>     >     > Increasingly, with patents, the only way to know if usage is
>     infringing,
>     >     > is for a court to rule on the matter. Paying the dangeld is
>     always a
>     >     > losing proposition, but fighting requires more resources
>     than the
>     >     > typical organization can afford to throw away.
>     >
>     >     In such cases it might be sensible to stop the allegedly
>     infringing use.
>     >     However, Sec. 7 does not mandate it unless the infringement is
>     >     positively known (e.g. has been confirmed by a court or the patent
>     >     holder has provided you with sufficient evidence etc.).
>     >
>     >     >> For the European space community it is crucial that any
>     licensee is
>     >     > obliged to inform the community of any third party claims he
>     knows of.
>     >     >
>     >     > The ESA-PL does not mandate that known, potential third party
>     >     claims be
>     >     > included.
>     >     >
>     >     > I'll grant that "known" is both vague, and a very slippery
>     slope,
>     >     >
>     >     >> Since the disclosure obligation only applies to patents related
>     >     to the software itself,
>     >     >
>     >     > But does it?
>     >     >
>     >     > «4.5 Each Contributor must identify all of its Patent Claims by
>     >     > providing at a minimum the patent number and identification and
>     >     contact
>     >     > information in a text file included with the Distribution titled
>     >     "LEGAL".»
>     >     >
>     >     > Much as I'd like to think that that clause meant _only_ the
>     >     patents that
>     >     > impact the specific software, an outfit like Prenda Law will
>     claim
>     >     that
>     >     > it means the entire patent portfolio of the firm.
>     Alternatively, since
>     >     > they are willing to bet the Dangeld, they will claim that it
>     means the
>     >     > entire patent portfolio of the firm, plus the entire patent
>     >     portfolio of
>     >     > every employee of the firm, plus the entire patent portfolio
>     of every
>     >     > consultant to the firm, regardless of their contributions to the
>     >     > software in question.
>     >     > Clause
>     >     >> it is not clear why the obligation is exceptionally
>     unreasonable.
>     >     >
>     >     > It does not explicitly confine the scope of the patent list
>     to patents
>     >     > that apply to the specific software that the license applies to.
>     >     >
>     >     >> The aim is to ensure maximum transparency regarding
>     potential patent
>     >     > conflicts:
>     >     >
>     >     > Personally, I'd recommend that clause be modified/changed to:
>     >     >
>     >     > «4.5.1 Each Contributor must identify all _patents within
>     its patent
>     >     > portfolio, that are utilized in this software,_ by
>     providing, at a
>     >     > minimum the patent number and identification and contact
>     >     information in
>     >     > a text file included with the Distribution titled "LEGAL".
>     >     >
>     >     > 4.5.2 Patents that a contributor is aware of, that might be
>     utilized
>     >     > within this software, must be listed, by providing, at a
>     >     > minimum the patent holder, the patent number, and
>     identification and
>     >     > contact information for the patent holder, in a text file
>     included
>     >     with
>     >     > the Distribution titled "LEGAL".»
>     >     >
>     >     > ##3
>     >     >
>     >     > I'll grant that there are a couple of issues with 4.5.2. The
>     biggest
>     >     > being "what constitutes _is aware of_".
>     >
>     >     "Patent Claims" are defined in Sec. 1 as "patent claim(s),
>     owned [...]
>     >     by a Contributor which would be infringed by making use of the
>     rights
>     >     granted under Sec. 2.1 [...]".
>     >
>     >     I think that already clarifies the scope of Sec. 4.5, to the
>     effect of
>     >     your proposed revision.
>     >
>     >     >> if the original authors or contributors own patents that
>     could prevent
>     >     > use of the software, such patents need to be disclosed.
>     >     >
>     >     > Clause 4.5 does not mandate disclosure of the existence of
>     >     > patents issues to third parties, that might affect the
>     software, when
>     >     > the developers are aware of such patents.
>     >
>     >     That's correct, but we felt that such a broad obligation would
>     be too
>     >     onerous.
>     >
>     >     Carsten
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>     >
>     >
>     >
>     >
>     > --
>     > Patrice-Emmanuel Schmitz
>     > pe.schmitz at googlemail.com <mailto:pe.schmitz at googlemail.com>
>     <mailto:pe.schmitz at googlemail.com <mailto:pe.schmitz at googlemail.com>>
>     > tel. + 32 478 50 40 65 <tel:%2B%2032%20478%2050%2040%2065>
>     >
>     >
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> 
> 
> 
> -- 
> Patrice-Emmanuel Schmitz
> pe.schmitz at googlemail.com <mailto:pe.schmitz at googlemail.com>
> tel. + 32 478 50 40 65
> 
> 
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