<div dir="auto">Hi Larry,<div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Thank you for the correction.</div><br><div class="gmail_quote" dir="auto"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Mon, May 13, 2019, 7:13 PM Lawrence Rosen <<a href="mailto:lrosen@rosenlaw.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">lrosen@rosenlaw.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div lang="EN-US" link="blue" vlink="purple"><div class="m_7184281720885496879m_1643521486671765791WordSection1"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Van, your response to my earlier comments about CAL did not capture my objections correctly.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt">1. "Performance" is a very misleading word for you to use. First, it is meant by you in an entirely different way than the explicit copyright term-of-art in 17 USC 101:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#333333;background:white">To “</span><a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/101" rel="noreferrer noreferrer" target="_blank"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#337ab7;background:white">perform</span></a><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#333333;background:white">” a work means to recite, render, play, dance, or act it, either directly or by means of any</span><a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/101" rel="noreferrer noreferrer" target="_blank"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#337ab7;background:white"> device </span></a><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#333333;background:white">or </span><a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/101" rel="noreferrer noreferrer" target="_blank"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#337ab7;background:white">process</span></a><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#333333;background:white"> or, in the case of a motion picture or other audiovisual work, to show its images in any sequence or to make the sounds accompanying it audible.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt">You risk misleading licensors and licensees about the meaning of that word.</span></p></div></div></blockquote></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Here we disagree. You are focusing too literally on selected parts of the statute - many parts of which do not apply.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">But you did not quote all of 17 U.S.C. § 101:</div><div dir="auto"><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"> To perform or display a work “publicly” means—</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"> [. . .]</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"> (2) to transmit or otherwise communicate a performance or display of the work to a place specified by clause (1) or to the public, by means of any device or process, whether the members of the public capable of receiving the performance or display receive it in the same place or in separate places and at the same time or at different times.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">In particular, I am focusing on the "render[ing]" and "display" of the work over the network as being the performance.<br></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">As I have noted previously, software is classified as a literary work for purposes of copyright law, so that is where I go to for examples.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div></div><div dir="auto">Let's say, for example, that I did a dramatic reading, line by line, of the source code to an audience. Public performance of the code as a literary work? Yes - clearly in line with established cases.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">What about a dramatic display of my code, sending selected lines out to an audience? Yes, and again in line with established cases.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">When I make my API available, in almost all cases I will incidentally make portions of my source code available as part of the response. This is indistinguishable from the dramatic display, and consistent with the full text of the statute.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Also, per OvG, even the minimal creativity involved, plus the creative organization of how to send responses is enough to maintain copyright - and public performance - in the network action of a software program.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Please let me know where you disagree with this analysis. </div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div class="gmail_quote" dir="auto"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div lang="EN-US" link="blue" vlink="purple"><div class="m_7184281720885496879m_1643521486671765791WordSection1"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt">Many of us believe that an API should not be subject to copyright or licensing restrictions at all.</span></p></div></div></blockquote></div><div dir="auto">Again, I generally agree, but that is not where we are. </div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Aside from copyright, however, the CAL also hooks into the patent rights to use, sell, and offer to sell. Even if I am wrong on my public performance analysis, making the API available over the network is clearly included in at least one of use, sell, or offer to sell. This provides a secondary, independent chain of reasoning to support the concept.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Again, please let me know where you see this failing legally.</div><div class="gmail_quote" dir="auto"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div lang="EN-US" link="blue" vlink="purple"><div class="m_7184281720885496879m_1643521486671765791WordSection1"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt">2. When a person sends data to a program, no license should require that the receiving program be prepared to send it back. Data is and should remain free. The sender alreadyd knows (or should know) what data she sent to the receiver. There is no need to impose any return burden on the receiver of that data.</span></p></div></div></blockquote></div><div dir="auto">I understand this point. It is a normative point, not a legal one: it "should" not be necessary.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">In an ideal world, that is true. I don't think your representation accords with reality, though. We regularly observe situations where people "send" data to an operator, and then want it back, and the operator refuses.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div class="gmail_quote" dir="auto"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div lang="EN-US" link="blue" vlink="purple"><div class="m_7184281720885496879m_1643521486671765791WordSection1"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt">More important, my reference in my email to GDPR meant only that the receiver should have a responsibility not to disclose anyone's personal data to any third party. When my phone sends my name and URL and location as data to a receiving program, that automatically (by statute!) should be confidential information. The sender could have copied the data before it was sent, and the receiver should have a confidentiality obligation about that data that forbids her from disclosing it to anyone without my express permission. This has no relationship to "ownership interests or licensing rights." For example, my "location" is not owned; it is merely personal information that I want kept from third parties.</span></p></div></div></blockquote></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">I agree that there should be a general obligation to keep personal information confidential - and under certain statutes, an operator has a requirement to do so. </div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">The CAL does not address the confidentiality of personal information vis-a-vis third parties at all. In fact, there is specific language limiting the data portability provisions to data that a person has a preexisting right to possess.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div class="gmail_quote" dir="auto"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div lang="EN-US" link="blue" vlink="purple"><div class="m_7184281720885496879m_1643521486671765791WordSection1"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt">I hope you won't dismiss my concerns about CAL casually.</span></p></div></div></blockquote></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">No casual dismissal intended. You felt that my summary was deficient and provided additional information. Now that you explained more, I have tried to respond more fully.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Thanks,</div><div dir="auto">Van</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div class="gmail_quote" dir="auto"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><br>
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