<div dir="ltr"><div>There are two issues here. I don't think anyone would argue that APIs are not protectable under
any IP law. They may be protectable under copyright law, under patent
law, or both. So 1) What is licenseable about an API under copyright law? and 2) What is licenseable about an API under patent law?</div><div><br></div><div>1) With regard to copyrights, and as broadly identified by Luis, the key question is whether the API is part of the "Work":<br></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Tue, Jul 2, 2019 at 8:20 AM Luis Villa <<a href="mailto:luis@lu.is">luis@lu.is</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr">On Sat, Jun 29, 2019 at 5:34 PM Lawrence Rosen <<a href="mailto:lrosen@rosenlaw.com" target="_blank">lrosen@rosenlaw.com</a>> wrote<br></div><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div lang="EN-US"><div class="gmail-m_8490314287432321443gmail-m_-5007659256005759750WordSection1"><span style="font-size:12pt"></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0.5in"><span style="font-size:12pt">Pam Chestek asked:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0.5in"><span style="font-size:12pt">> How do you know where the line is?</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt">I believe the line is actual copying of the expressive source code.</span></p></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>I dislike this, but the Federal Circuit would tell you that the APIs are expressive source code. <br></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>If the API is part of the "Work" for copyright purposes, then copying the API is subject to copyleft *under any copyleft license, currently-accepted licenses included.*</div><div><br></div><div>I would love someone to give a non-policy response to this point. As Larry noted, this is roughly what the FSF has been arguing for 20 years as "strong copyleft." As argued by the <a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-faq.en.html">FSF FAQ</a>, the inclusion of <i>any</i> code element from a copylefted source makes the entire work a derived work. (See the the "Bison" and "plug-ins" questions) As an aside, the FSF's position here is consistent with analogous current law regarding what makes a derivative work in a music compositions.<br></div><div><br></div>The argument against this was always that "the identified elements are statutorily excluded from copyright" under 17 USC 102. I don't think that is a sound legal position anymore.</div><div class="gmail_quote"><br></div><div class="gmail_quote">2) That brings us to the second point: Patents. This point is being largely ignored, because for a long time copyright was seen as the prime mover As has been argued on this list, there is generally a consensus that the OSD requires a patent grant. But that means that any "use" of a patented invention (of which there are plenty in FOSS), including the use of the API, is subject to the "use" right under patent law.</div><div class="gmail_quote">
<div class="gmail_quote"><br></div><div class="gmail_quote">It may not be the ideal policy position, byt I don't see how to escape the conclusion that the API is a licenseable part of a software work under *some* law, and thus that the requirements of the license (including copyleft) would accordingly apply.</div></div><div class="gmail_quote"><br></div><div class="gmail_quote">Thanks,<br>Van<br></div><div class="gmail_quote"><br></div><div class="gmail_quote"><br></div><div class="gmail_quote"><br><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div> </div></div></div>