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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>> </span>Per OSI. Those creating redundant license should be background checked for motivation that could create future issue. Do you agree ? <br><br><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>No. I don't agree with you Brent. OSI is not involved with motivations.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>/Larry<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> CAVO [mailto:cavo-bounces@opensource.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Brent Turner<br><b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, September 28, 2016 11:28 AM<br><b>To:</b> lrosen@rosenlaw.com; CAVO <cavo@opensource.org><br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [CAVO] Open source election software<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'>Per OSI. Those creating redundant license should be background checked for motivation that could create future issue. Do you agree ? <br><br>On Wednesday, September 28, 2016, Lawrence Rosen <<a href="mailto:lrosen@rosenlaw.com">lrosen@rosenlaw.com</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p><blockquote style='border:none;border-left:solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 6.0pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-right:0in'><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.5in'><span style='color:black'>"<b>Why CAVO Recommends GPLv3</b>" by Lawrence Rosen (revised 9/28/2016)</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.5in'><span style='color:black'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.5in'><span style='color:black'>There are many ways to distribute software. Valuable software nowadays is usually distributed under a free and open source license ("FOSS" license, in short), both because it is usually "free of cost" software but also "free of restrictions" on copying, making changes, and redistributing that software.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.5in'><span style='color:black'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.5in'><span style='color:black'>There are various open source licenses to choose from. They are listed at the <a href="http://www.opensource.org" target="_blank">www.opensource.org</a> website. Unless a license is listed at that website, most developers and potential customers won't call it FOSS software. </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.5in'><span style='color:black'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.5in'><span style='color:black'>FOSS licenses offer several distinct ways to give software away. </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.5in'><span style='color:black'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.5in'><span style='color:black'>Choosing among those licenses for software is not an arbitrary game of darts. For open source election software that can be trusted and always free, the choice of license is particularly important. That is why CAVO recommends the General Public License version 3.0 ("GPLv3") as the best license to use. This article gives several important reasons why.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.5in'><span style='color:black'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p style='margin-left:.5in'><span style='font-family:Symbol;color:black'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;color:black'> </span><span style='color:black'>Among the many FOSS licenses, GPLv3 is the <b><i>most modern, widely accepted, and best understood license</i></b> available today. Its predecessor license, GPLv2, is historically far and away the most used worldwide; GPLv3 is replacing it in the rate of license adoption for new FOSS software.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.5in'><span style='color:black'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p style='margin-left:.5in'><span style='font-family:Symbol;color:black'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;color:black'> </span><span style='color:black'>GPLv3 is a <b><i>reciprocal</i></b> license. Once a project or distributor releases election software under the GPLv3, it will remain FOSS software <b><i>in perpetuity</i></b> under the GPLv3 license. Modifications to that FOSS software will also be distributed <b><i>in perpetuity</i></b> under the GPLv3. This guarantees that our election software won't ever be taken under commercial covers and turned into proprietary software with unacceptable lock-in and source code restrictions that make voting untrustworthy.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.5in'><span style='color:black'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p style='margin-left:.5in'><span style='font-family:Symbol;color:black'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;color:black'> </span><span style='color:black'>The GPLv3 license promotes <b><i>open and shared development efforts</i></b>. While it is possible to create excellent open source software under more permissive FOSS licenses, those licenses allow commercial fragmentation of the software. That isn't appropriate for widely used election software. </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.5in'><span style='color:black'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p style='margin-left:.5in'><span style='font-family:Symbol;color:black'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;color:black'> </span><span style='color:black'>The GPLv3 encourages <b><i>trustworthy software</i></b>. There is a law of software development named in honor of Linus Torvalds stating that "given enough eyeballs, all <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_bug" target="_blank" title="Software bug"><span style='color:black;text-decoration:none'>bugs</span></a> are shallow"; or more formally: "Given a large enough <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_test" target="_blank" title="Beta test"><span style='color:black;text-decoration:none'>beta-tester</span></a> and co-<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmer" target="_blank" title=Programmer><span style='color:black;text-decoration:none'>developer</span></a> base, almost every problem will be characterized quickly and the fix will be obvious to someone." GPLv3 software projects invite eyeballs on all distributed versions of the software to identify bugs and security issues; other licenses don't always do that.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.5in'><span style='color:black'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p style='margin-left:.5in'><span style='font-family:Symbol;color:black'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;color:black'> </span><span style='color:black'>Although GPLv3 will specifically encourage FOSS development practices for the election code base and its derivative works, that GPLv3 license is nevertheless <b><i>compatible with successful commercial software and support business</i></b> as well. One need only refer to the robust Linux ecosystem and its contribution to diverse commercial technology worldwide, whose basic software is entirely under the GPLv2 and GPLv3 licenses. The GPL licenses made that possible.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.5in'><span style='color:black'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p style='margin-left:.5in'><span style='font-family:Symbol;color:black'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;color:black'> </span><span style='color:black'>GPLv3 will encourage <b><i>innovation</i></b> because GPLv3 source code is open to view and change. </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.5in'><span style='color:black'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.5in'><span style='color:black'>For these reasons, CAVO recommends that election software be distributed under GPLv3. This will inevitably create a diverse, worldwide, and enthusiastic community of software developers to create election systems we can all trust.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.5in'><span style='color:black'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.5in'><span style='color:black'>Since this article was first published (11/8/2014), the enthusiasm for open source election software has grown around the world. Projects now exist or are proposed whose software will be distributed under a wide variety of open source licenses. I have therefore added the following paragraph to encourage that enthusiasm.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.5in'><span style='color:black'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.5in'><span style='color:black'>I believe that creating free and open source election software, mostly under GPLv3, will help reassure voters everywhere that their votes will be efficiently collected and recorded fairly. But this does not mean that all election software must be created initially under GPLv3. There is a large project community we can build around many open source licenses that are compatible with GPLv3 for election system software. For example, the OSET OPL, the MPL, and the Apache License, and many others, are compatible with GPLv3. Such software can trivially be aggregated with GPLv3 software for use everywhere.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.5in'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.5in'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>/Larry</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.5in'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.5in'><span style='color:black'>Lawrence Rosen</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.5in'><span style='font-size:8.0pt;color:black'>Rosenlaw (</span><span style='color:black'><a href="http://www.rosenlaw.com/" target="_blank"><span style='font-size:8.0pt'>www.rosenlaw.com</span></a></span><span style='font-size:8.0pt;color:black'>) </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.5in'><span style='font-size:8.0pt;color:black'>3001 King Ranch Rd., Ukiah, CA 95482</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.5in'><span style='font-size:8.0pt;color:black'>Cell: 707-478-8932 </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.5in'><span style='font-size:8.0pt;color:black'>This email is licensed under </span><span style='color:black'><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank"><span style='font-size:8.0pt'>CC-BY-4.0</span></a></span><span style='font-size:8.0pt;color:black'>. Please copy freely.</span><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'> <img border=0 width=89 height=31 style='width:.9305in;height:.3194in' id="_x0000_i1025" src="cid:image001.png@01D2197F.E0BC3F20" alt="https://licensebuttons.net/l/by/4.0/88x31.png"></span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.5in'><span style='color:black'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.5in'><span style='color:black'>******************</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.5in'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.5in'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>From the <a href="https://opensource.org/licenses/OPL-2.1" target="_blank">OSET OPL</a> license:</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.5in'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.5in'><span lang=EN style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Open Sans";color:#444444'>3.3. Distribution of a Larger Work<br>You may create and distribute a Larger Work under terms of Your choice, provided that You also comply with the requirements of this License for the Covered Software. If the Larger Work is a combination of Covered Software with a work governed by one or more Secondary Lcenses, and the Covered Software is not Incompatible With Secondary Licenses, this License permits You to additionally distribute such Covered Software under the terms of such Secondary License(s), so that the recipient of the Larger Work may, at their option, further distribute the Covered Software under the terms of either this License or such Secondary License(s).</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.5in'><span lang=EN style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Open Sans";color:#444444'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.5in'><span lang=EN style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Open Sans";color:#444444'>1.12. “Secondary License” means either the GNU General Public License, Version 2.0, the GNU Lesser General Public License, Version 2.1, the GNU Affero General Public License, Version 3.0, or any later versions of those licenses.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.5in'><span lang=EN style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Open Sans";color:#444444'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.5in'><span lang=EN style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Open Sans";color:#444444'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.5in'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.5in'><span lang=EN style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Open Sans";color:#444444'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></blockquote><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><br><br>-- <br>Sent from Gmail Mobile<o:p></o:p></p></div></body></html>